000			20343cam a22002777i 4500
999			_c979 _d979
001			20016067
003			OSt
005			20200805104746.0
008			170921s2017 ne a b 001 0 eng d
010			_a 2017446599
020			_a9780128054116 (pbk.)
035			_a(OCoLC)ocn959035171
040			_aYDX _beng _erda _cKCST
050	0	0	_aTD479 _b.Z54 2017
082	0	4	_a628.16725 _223 _bZh So
100	1		_aZheng, Hongfei, _eauthor. _94911
245	1	0	_aSolar energy desalination technology / _cHongfei Zheng.
260			_aAmsterdam, Netherlands : _bElsevier, _c2017.
300			_axvi, 768 pages : _billustrations, _c24 cm
338			_avolume _bnc _2rdacarrier
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
505	0	0	_aMachine generated contents note: _gch. 1 _tGeneral Problems in Sea water Desalination -- _g1.1. _tFresh Water Resource Shortage and Its Solutions -- _g1.2. _tComposition and Properties of Seawater -- _g1.3. _tSummary of General Seawater Desalination Methods -- _g1.3.1. _tDistillation -- _g1.3.2. _tFreezing Method -- _g1.3.3. _tElectrodialysis -- _g1.3.4. _tReverse Osmosis -- _g1.3.5. _tSolvent Extraction -- _g1.3.6. _tHydrate Method -- _g1.3.7. _tIon-Exchange Method -- _g1.3.8. _tAbsorption Method -- _g1.3.9. _tAir Humidification and Dehumidification Method -- _g1.3.10. _tMembrane Distillation -- _g1.3.11. _tForward Osmosis -- _g1.4. _tThe Historical Evolution of the Solar Energy Seawater Desalination -- _g1.5. _tThe Classification and Development of Solar Desalination Technology -- _g1.5.1. _tThe Classification of Solar Energy Seawater Devices -- _g1.5.2. _tThermal Method Solar Energy Seawater Desalination Technology -- _g1.5.3. _tMembrane Method Solar Energy Seawater Desalination Technology -- _g1.5.4. _tCombination of Thermal and Membrane Method -- _g1.5.5. _tSolar System Combined With Traditional Desalination Device -- _g1.5.6. _tSolar Energy Power-Desalting Cogeneration Technology -- _g1.5.7. _tThe Main Solar Desalination Systems Operating in the World -- _g1.6. _tFacing Problems and Development Direction of Solar Desalination -- _g1.6.1. _tFacing Problems of Conventional Solar Distillation Technology -- _g1.6.2. _tDevelopment Direction of Solar Desalination -- _tReferences -- _gch. 2 _tSolar Energy Utilization and Its Collection Devices -- _g2.1. _tSolar Radiation Energy -- _g2.1.1. _tThe Sun and Its Energy -- _g2.1.2. _tSolar Constant -- _g2.1.3. _tVariation in Extraterrestrial Radiation -- _g2.1.4. _tAttenuation of Solar Radiation in Atmosphere -- _g2.1.5. _tSpectral Distribution of Extraterrestrial Radiation -- _g2.2. _tCatalog of Solar Collectors and Their Fundamental Technologies -- _g2.3. _tFlat-Plate Solar Collector -- _g2.3.1. _tStructure of Flat-Plate Solar Collector -- _g2.3.2. _tPerformance Parameters of Flat-Plate Solar Collector -- _g2.3.3. _tHeat Loss Coefficient of Flat-Plate Solar Collector -- _g2.3.4. _tFactors Influencing the Efficiency of a Flat-Plate Solar Collector -- _g2.3.5. _tChoice of the Flat-Plate Solar Collector -- _g2.4. _tVacuum Tube Solar Collector -- _g2.4.1. _tAll-Glass Vacuum Tube Solar Collector -- _g2.4.2. _tMetal-Glass Vacuum Tube Solar Collectors -- _g2.4.3. _tModules of Vacuum Solar Collector -- _g2.5. _tSolar Pond -- _g2.5.1. _tBasic Concept of Solar Ponds -- _g2.5.2. _tBasic Structure of Solar Ponds and Basic Conditions to Maintain Stability -- _g2.5.3. _tSolar Pond Liquid and Absorption of Solar Radiation at Pond Bottom -- _g2.5.4. _tThermal Efficiency of Solar Pond and Its Characteristics in Steady State and Transient State -- _g2.5.5. _tCombination of Solar Pond and Seawater Desalination -- _g2.6. _tConcentrating Solar Collector and Its Characteristics -- _g2.6.1. _tFocusing Solar Collector System -- _g2.6.2. _tBasic Structure of Concentrating Solar Collector -- _g2.6.3. _tInfluence of Concentration Ratio on System Collecting Temperature -- _g2.6.4. _tThermal Efficiency of Solar Concentration System -- _g2.7. _tNonimagining Concentrator -- _g2.7.1. _tStructural Characteristics of Compound Parabolic Concentrators -- _g2.7.2. _tOrientation of Compound Parabolic Concentrator and Its Received Energy -- _g2.8. _tParaboloid Solar Concentrator -- _g2.8.1. _tDish Paraboloid Concentrator System -- _g2.8.2. _tTrough Paraboloid Solar Concentrator -- _g2.9. _tArray Fresnel Lens Reflective Concentration System -- _g2.9.1. _tStructure of Array Fresnel Lens Reflective Concentration System -- _g2.9.2. _tStructure and Choice of Receiver -- _g2.10. _tTransmission-Type Line-Focus Fresnel Solar Concentrator -- _g2.10.1. _tConcentration Principle of Fresnel Lens -- _g2.10.2. _tOptical Loss of Fresnel Lens -- _g2.10.3. _tConcentration Ratio of Fresnel Lens -- _g2.10.4. _tCurve-Shaped Fresnel Lens -- _g2.10.5. _tFresnel Lens Used for Solar Energy Field -- _g2.11. _tTower Solar Concentration System -- _g2.11.1. _tWorking Principle of Tower Solar Concentrator -- _g2.11.2. _tHeliostats for Tower Solar Concentration System -- _g2.11.3. _tCentral Receiver for Tower Solar Concentration System -- _g2.11.4. _tHeat Storage System of Tower Solar Power Generation -- _g2.11.5. _tOptical and Thermal Efficiencies of Tower Solar Concentration System -- _g2.12. _tCompound Solar Concentrator With Multiple Surfaces and Multiple Elements -- _g2.12.1. _tIntroduction -- _g2.12.2. _tCompound Solar Concentrator With Multiple Elements and Multiple Surfaces -- _tReferences -- _gch. 3 _tFundamental Relationships of Heat and Mass Transfer in Solar Seawater Desalination Systems -- _g3.1. _tPhysical Properties and State Parameters of Moist Air -- _g3.1.1. _tPhysical Properties of Moist Air -- _g3.1.2. _tState Parameters of Moist Air -- _g3.2. _tPsychrometric Chart and the Basic Thermodynamic Process of Moist Air -- _g3.2.1. _tPsychrometric Chart (h-d Diagram) -- _g3.2.2. _tBasic Thermodynamic Process of Moist Air -- _g3.3. _tHeat and Moisture Transfer in Direct Contact Between Air and Water -- _g3.3.1. _tHeat and Moisture Transfer Between Air and Water -- _g3.3.2. _tPhase Change in Direct Contact Between Air and Water -- _g3.3.3. _tLewis Relationship and Its Application -- _g3.4. _tWater Vapor Generation Under Constant Pressure -- _g3.4.1. _tThree Stages of Water Vapor Generation Under Constant Pressure -- _g3.4.2. _tTable of Thermodynamic Properties for Steam (Steam Table) -- _g3.5. _tLiquid Boiling Under Constant Pressure -- _g3.5.1. _tPool Boiling -- _g3.5.2. _tHeat Transfer Coefficient of Convective Boiling in Tubes -- _g3.5.3. _tThe Influence of Surface Roughness -- _g3.5.4. _tFactors Affecting Heat Transfer of Liquid Boiling -- _g3.6. _tCondensation of Water Vapor Under Constant Pressure -- _g3.6.1. _tHeat Transfer of Film-Wise Condensation on Vertical Plate -- _g3.6.2. _tFilm Condensation Outside the Horizontal Tube -- _g3.6.3. _tFilm Condensation Inside the Horizontal Tube -- _g3.6.4. _tDropwise Condensation -- _g3.6.5. _tAnalysis of the Factors Influencing Condensation Heat Transfer -- _g3.7. _tFalling Film Evaporation of Water Under Constant Pressure -- _g3.7.1. _tFalling Film Evaporation on Vertical Plate -- _g3.7.2. _tFalling Film Evaporation on the Horizontal Tube -- _g3.7.3. _tFalling Film Evaporation in Vertical Tube -- _g3.8. _tEnhancement of Falling Film Evaporation and Condensation -- _g3.9. _tHeat Transfer on Plate and Tube Wall in Convective Boundary Layer -- _g3.10. _tHeat Exchangers and Heat Transfer Rate Calculations -- _g3.10.1. _tHeat Exchanger Types -- _g3.10.2. _tHeat Transfer Rate Calculation -- _g3.10.3. _tThe Log Mean Temperature Difference of the Heat Exchangers -- _g3.11. _tTheoretical Power Consumption in Desalination and Minimum Heat Consumption in Distillation -- _g3.12. _tThe Perfect Distillation Process Driven by Solar Collector -- _g3.12.1. _tPerfect Single-Effect Solar Distillation Process -- _g3.12.2. _tSingle-Effect Ideal Distillation Process Directly Heated by Solar Collector -- _g3.12.3. _tSingle-Effect Ideal Distillation Process With Collector Supplying Energy by Generating Electricity -- _g3.12.4. _tThe Finite Time Thermodynamic Process of Solar Distillation -- _g3.12.5. _tComparison of Several Operation Modes -- _g3.13. _tThe Performance Evaluation of Solar Desalination System -- _g3.13.1. _tThe Efficiency of Solar Desalination System -- _g3.13.2. _tGain Output Ratio and Performance Ratio of Solar Desalination System -- _g3.13.3. _tEnergy Recovery Ratio of Solar Desalination System -- _tReferences -- _gch. 4 _tTraditional Solar Desalination Units -- _g4.1. _tOperating Principle of Basin Type Solar Stills -- _g4.2. _tPerformance Analysis of Basin Type Solar Stills -- _g4.3. _tPerformance Coefficient of Solar Still -- _g4.4. _tDetermination of the Natural Convection Coefficient hc in the Still -- _g4.4.1. _tNatural Convective Heat Transfer in the Still and Correction of Gr -- _g4.4.2. _tHeat Transfer by Evaporation -- _g4.4.3. _tRadiation Heat Transfer -- _g4.4.4. _tThe Determination of Natural Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient -- _g4.4.5. _tA New Group of Relations Forecasting Water Production -- _g4.4.6. _tExperimental Verification of the Theoretical Relations -- _g4.5. _tOperation of Basin Type Solar Stills Under Actual Weather Conditions -- _g4.5.1. _tDaily Operation Situation of Basin Type Solar Stills -- _g4.5.2. _tThe Whole-Year Operation of Basin Type Solar Stills -- _g4.5.3. _tInfluence of Other Parameters on the Performance of Basin Type Solar Stills -- _g4.6. _tMultistage Basin Type Solar Stills -- _g4.7. _tBasin Type Solar Stills With Outer Condenser -- _g4.8. _tBasin Type Solar Stills With Porous Absorbent Material -- _g4.9. _tConcentrating Type Passive Solar Stills -- _g4.10. _tInclined Type Solar Still -- _g4.11. _tOther Shaped Passive Solar Stills -- _g4.11.1. _tSimple Emergency Distiller -- _g4.11.2. _tSolar Still Combined With Green House -- _g4.11.3. _tDistiller With Transparent Film as the Cover -- _g4.11.4. _tSpherical Solar Still -- _g4.11.5. _tIntegral Molding Plastic Solar Still -- _g4.12. _tThe Main Shortages and Improvement Direction of Basin Type Solar Stills -- _g4.12.1. _tThree Main Shortages -- _g4.12.2. _tThe Maximum Efficiency of the Basin Solar Still -- _g4.12.3. _tEnergy Gain and Loss of Each Component of Solar Stills -- _tReferences -- _gch. 5 _tActive Solar Distiller -- _g5.1. _tThe Basin-Type Solar Still Driven by Flat-Plate Solar Collectors -- _g5.1.1. _tPerformance Analyses of the Device -- _g5.1.2. _tExperimental Operation of the Device -- _g5.2. _tThe Active Basin-Type Solar Still With Glass Cover Cooling -- _g5.3. _tThe Active Basin-Type Solar Still With Thermal Energy Storage Tank -- _g5.4. _tThe Basin-Type Solar Still With Active Outer Condenser -- _g5.5. _tThe Basin-Type Solar Still With Actively Recovering Latent Heat Outer Condenser -- _g5.6. _tMultieffect Basin-Type Solar Still Combined With Solar Collectors
505	0	0	_aNote continued: _g5.7. _tMultieffect Basin-Type Solar Still Heated Actively by Solar Collectors -- _g5.8. _tMultistage Stacked Tray Solar Still With Enhanced Condensing Faces -- _g5.8.1. _tThe Transient Performance of the Device -- _g5.8.2. _tThe Relationship of Productivity and Operation Temperature -- _g5.8.3. _tSteady-State Performance of the Device -- _g5.8.4. _tThe Relationship of the Operation Temperature and Input Power -- _g5.8.5. _tConclusions -- _g5.9. _tMultistage Stacked Tray Solar Still Driven by Double Heat Sources -- _g5.9.1. _tCharacteristics and Operating Principle of the Solar Still -- _g5.9.2. _tExperiment Results With Steady Heating -- _g5.9.3. _tThe Relationship Between Water Production Rate and Temperature -- _g5.9.4. _tPerformance Coefficient of the Device -- _g5.9.5. _tExperiment Under Actual Weather Conditions -- _g5.9.6. _tConclusions -- _g5.10. _tTubular Solar Desalination Device -- _g5.10.1. _tSingle-Effect Tubular Distiller -- _g5.10.2. _tTwo-Effect Tubular Distiller -- _g5.10.3. _tExperiment With a Three-Effect Device -- _g5.10.4. _tPerformance Comparison of Three-Effect Devices -- _g5.10.5. _tThe Performance of a Tubular Still Under Negative Pressure -- _g5.10.6. _tExperiments With Different Gas Media -- _g5.10.7. _tConclusions -- _g5.11. _tMultieffect Concentric Vertical Tube Solar Still -- _g5.11.1. _tThe Structure and Operational Principle of the Device -- _g5.11.2. _tResults and Discussion -- _g5.11.3. _tConclusions -- _g5.12. _tThe Solar Distiller With Single-Stage Falling Film Evaporation and Condensation -- _g5.13. _tThe Solar Distiller With Multiple-Stages Falling Film Evaporation and Condensation -- _g5.14. _tThe Solar Distiller Enhanced by Power -- _g5.14.1. _tBasin Solar Distiller With a Water-Cooled Condenser Outside -- _g5.14.2. _tFocus Solar Still of Small Vacuum Strengthened Evaporation -- _g5.15. _tA Multieffect Thermal Regeneration Solar Desalination Unit With Horizontal Tube Falling Film Evaporation and Closed Circulation -- _g5.15.1. _tOperational Principle of the Experimental Unit -- _g5.15.2. _tDescription of the Experimental Unit -- _g5.15.3. _tThe Performance of the Unit -- _g5.15.4. _tThe Unit Operating Under Practical Weather Conditions -- _g5.15.5. _tConclusions -- _g5.16. _tA Self-Storing Water Vertical Plate Solar Distiller -- _g5.17. _tSolar Water Desalination Using an Air Bubble Column Humidifier -- _g5.17.1. _tIntroduction -- _g5.17.2. _tExperimental Setup and Efficiency Calculation -- _g5.17.3. _tResults and Discussion -- _g5.17.4. _tConclusion -- _g5.18. _tTheoretical Analysis of a Vertical Multiple-Effect Diffusion Solar Still Coupled With a Tilted Wick Still -- _g5.18.1. _tVertical Multiple-Effect Diffusion Solar Still Coupled With a Tilted Wick Still -- _g5.18.2. _tResults and Discussion -- _g5.18.3. _tConclusions -- _tReferences -- _gch. 6 _tHumidification -- Dehumidification Solar Desalination Systems -- _g6.1. _tThe Principle and Category of Humidification -- Dehumidification Solar Desalination Systems -- _g6.2. _tProcess Description of Humidification -- Dehumidification (HD) Desalination -- _g6.2.1. _tThe Operation and Evaluation Methods of HD Desalination System -- _g6.2.2. _tEnergy Analysis of HD Desalination System -- _g6.3. _tPerformance Optimization by Pinch Technology -- _g6.3.1. _tSingle Effect System Optimization -- _g6.3.2. _tMultieffect System Optimization -- _g6.3.3. _tComparisons -- _g6.4. _tThe Minimum Work Required for a Solar HDD Process -- _g6.4.1. _tAn Ideal Humidification -- Dehumidification Desalination (HDD) -- _g6.4.2. _tThe Minimum Work Required for the Dehumidification Process -- _g6.4.3. _tThe Minimum Work Required for Evaporation of Seawater -- _g6.4.4. _tThe Maximum GOR of the Solar HDD System -- _g6.4.5. _tConclusions -- _g6.5. _tHeating Water Type Solar HDD System -- _g6.6. _tHeating Air Type Solar HDD Systems -- _g6.7. _tSolar Water and Air Heating Compound HDD System -- _g6.8. _tMultieffect Humidification -- Dehumidification Solar Desalination System -- _g6.9. _tA Closed Circulation Solar Still With Enhanced Falling Film Evaporation and AirFlow Absorption -- _g6.9.1. _tThe Energy and Mass Balance in the Closed Circulation Solar Still -- _g6.9.2. _tOperation Principle of the Closed Circulation Solar Still -- _g6.9.3. _tDescription of the Experimental Unit -- _g6.9.4. _tResults and Discussion -- _g6.9.5. _tSystem Operating Under the Practical Weather -- _g6.9.6. _tHeat and Mass Transfer Analysis of the System -- _g6.9.7. _tConclusions and Discussions -- _g6.10. _tTandem Multieffect Isothermal Heating Solar Desalination System Based on the Humidification -- Dehumidification Processes -- _g6.10.1. _tDescription of the Experimental Setup and the Working Principle -- _g6.10.2. _tResults and Discussion -- _g6.10.3. _tConclusions -- _g6.11. _tOther Typical Air Humidification -- Dehumidification Solar Desalination Systems -- _g6.11.1. _tTower Type Air Humidification -- Dehumidification Solar Distiller -- _g6.11.2. _tHumidification -- Dehumidification Solar Desalination System With Falling Film Evaporation -- _g6.11.3. _tExperiment of the System -- _tReferences -- _gch. 7 _tSolar Desalination System Combined With Conventional Technologies -- _g7.1. _tMultistage Flash Solar Desalination System -- _g7.1.1. _tThe Flash Principle and Technology -- _g7.1.2. _tSolar Desalination With Multistage Flash Processes -- _g7.2. _tMultieffect Solar Distillation System -- _g7.2.1. _tThe Principle of Multieffect Distillation -- _g7.2.2. _tThe Classification of the Multieffect Distillation Technological Process -- _g7.2.3. _tThe Classification of Multieffect Distillation Equipment -- _g7.2.4. _tThe Temperature Difference Between the Effects and the Factor Influencing Effect Number -- _g7.2.5. _tProcess Conditions -- _g7.2.6. _tThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Multieffect Distillation -- _g7.2.7. _tThe Experimental Operation of a Multieffect Solar Distillation System -- _g7.3. _tSolar Vapor Compression Desalination System -- _g7.3.1. _tCompression Distillation Principle -- _g7.3.2. _tCompression Distillation Processes -- _g7.3.3. _tMain Operation Modes of Compression Distillation -- _g7.3.4. _tAdvantages and Disadvantages of Compression Distillation -- _g7.3.5. _tSolar Compression Distillation Experiments -- _g7.4. _tDesalination Using the Partial Pressure Difference Between Freshwater and Seawater -- _g7.5. _tHorizontal Tube Falling Film Evaporation and Multieffect Recover Solar Desalination System -- _g7.5.1. _tExperiment Device and Operation Principle -- _g7.5.2. _tExperimental Results and Analysis -- _g7.5.3. _tSystem Operating Under Actual Weather -- _g7.5.4. _tConclusions -- _g7.6. _tLow-Temperature Multieffect Desalination System Together With Solar Pond -- _g7.7. _tReverse Osmosis Desalination System Driven by Solar Photovoltaic Panel -- _g7.8. _tReverse Osmosis Desalination System Driven by Solar PV/T Device -- _g7.9. _tReverse Osmosis Desalination System Driven by Solar Power Cycle System -- _g7.10. _tLarge-Scale Solar Desalination by Combination With Concentrated Solar Power: Concept and Analysis -- _tReferences -- _gch. 8 _tAbsorption and Adsorption Solar Desalination System -- _g8.1. _tFeatures and Performance of Absorption and Adsorption Working Substance -- _g8.2. _tSolar Absorption Desalination System -- _g8.3. _tThe Solar Absorption System Integrated With Industrial Seawater Desalination -- _g8.3.1. _tSingle-Effect Solar Absorption Desalination System -- _g8.3.2. _tMultiple-Effect Solar Absorption Seawater Desalination System -- _g8.4. _tPractical Test and Evaluation of a Multiple-Effect Solar Absorption Seawater Desalination System -- _g8.4.1. _tStructure of Experimental Facilities -- _g8.4.2. _tWorking Principles of Experimental Facilities -- _g8.4.3. _tResults and Analysis of the Experiment -- _g8.4.4. _tSimulation Calculation During the Heating of Solar Collector -- _g8.5. _tAdsorption Solar Seawater Desalination System -- _g8.6. _tSolar Absorption System Combined With Industrial Seawater Desalination Technology -- _g8.6.1. _tSingle-Effect Solar Adsorption Desalination System -- _g8.6.2. _tMultiple-Effect Solar Adsorption Desalination System -- _tReferences -- _gch. 9 _tSolar Concentrating Directly to Drive Desalination Technologies -- _g9.1. _tIntroduction -- _g9.1.1. _tChallenges in Solar Desalination Technology -- _g9.1.2. _tA New Way to Solve These Problems -- _g9.2. _tConcentrated Light-Driven Solar Desalination System -- _g9.2.1. _tSolar Desalination Systems Directly Driven by Dish Concentrator -- _g9.2.2. _tThe Solar Desalination System Directly Driven by Linear Fresnel Lens Concentrator -- _g9.2.3. _tThe Solar Desalination System Directly Driven by Tower Concentrator -- _g9.3. _tFloating Solar Desalination Film -- _g9.4. _tThe Enhanced Methods of Concentrating Direct Heating Seawater for Evaporation -- _g9.4.1. _tGeneral Rules of Sunlight Transmission in Seawater -- _g9.4.2. _tAdding Black Particles as Absorbers in Water -- _g9.4.3. _tAbsorption Enhancement by Colored Water -- _g9.4.4. _tAdding the Black Columns or Plates in Water as the Receivers -- _tReferences -- _gch. 10 _tThe Benefit Evaluation and Material Selecting -- _g10.1. _tThe Economic Feasibility of Solar Desalination System -- _g10.2. _tThe Economic Evaluation Method of Solar Desalination System -- _g10.2.1. _tTimeliness of Funds -- _g10.2.2. _tEconomic Analysis of an Installed Solar Desalination System -- _g10.2.3. _tCase Calculation of Two Actual Systems -- _g10.2.4. _tEconomic Analysis of the Solar Desalination System Under Site Selection State -- _g10.2.5. _tSystem Scale Influence on the Fresh Water Cost -- _g10.2.6. _tMultiple-Factor Analysis of the Fresh Water Cost -- _g10.3. _tThe Material Selecting of Solar Desalination System -- _g10.3.1. _tCorrosion of Metals Caused by Seawater -- _g10.3.2. _tThe Influence Factors of Seawater Corroding Metallic Materials -- _g10.3.3. _tHeat Conductivity Influence on the Material Selection -- _g10.3.4. _tOther Performance of Metals' Influence on Material Selection -- _tReferences.
650		0	_aSaline water conversion. _94912
942			_2ddc _cBO